The Parisian club has now secured the prestigious trophy on 14 separate occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a stoppage-time leveler followed by a perfect penalty shootout to get past their arch-rivals in Kuwait and capture a fourth straight Trophee des Champions title.
The European champions seemed to be coasting towards a straightforward triumph in the showdown between the Ligue 1 winners and the Coupe de France holders after Ousmane Dembele found the scoring early on.
Yet, Marseille struck twice in the closing moments to take a surprise advantage. First, Mason Greenwood scored from the spot-kick, before the defender inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking turn of fortune, the Portuguese striker snatched a crucial equaliser in the dying moments to send the match into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Lucas Chevalier then stood as the hero, saving decisive attempts from O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and the young talent all scored successfully for PSG to seal a convincing penalty win.
The record winners Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now won this trophy for the 12th time in the past thirteen seasons.
